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Offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the theory of
material entanglement and entrapment, enriched with vivid examples
from everyday life Entangled explores how archaeological evidence
can help provide a better understanding of the direction of human
social and technological change, demonstrating how the
interrelationship of humans and things is a defining characteristic
of human history and culture. Using examples drawn from both the
early farming settlements of the Middle East and daily life in the
modern world, Ian Hodder highlights the complex co-dependencies of
humans and things—arguing that the maintenance and sustaining of
material worlds are the unseen drivers of human development.
Updated and expanded, Entangled offers new perspectives on the
study of the relationality between things and humans. In this
edition, the author reframes relationality in terms of various
forms of dependence to better explore inequality, injustice, and
the ways people get entrapped in detrimental social and economic
situations. An entirely new chapter focuses on human dependence on
other humans, such as between colonial powers and colonized people.
Increased focus is placed on object-oriented ontologies and
assemblages, symmetrical archaeology, and indigenous and radical
approaches in archaeology that critique relationality and
posthumanism. A wide range of new examples, references, and
literature are presented throughout the book. Argues that
dependence on things forces humans down particular evolutionary
pathways and social trends Demonstrates how long-standing
entanglements can be irreversible and increase in scale and
complexity over time Integrates archaeology, natural and biological
sciences, and the social sciences Presents a critical review of key
contemporary perspectives, including material culture studies,
phenomenology, evolutionary theory, cognitive archaeology, human
ecology, and complexity theory Entangled: A New Archaeology of the
Relationships between Humans and Things, Second Edition is
essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students,
lecturers, researchers, and scholars in the fields of archeology,
anthropology, material culture studies, and related fields across
the social sciences and humanities.
There has been a profound shift in the direction of archaeological activity in the last fifteen years, a change reflected in this volume. While excavation remains a professional priority, the interpretation of archaeological evidence is now attracting increasing critical study. In part this is stemmed from the public demand for explanation of archaeological evidence, which moves beyond the more restricted academic debate among archaeologists. But it also follows from a desire among archaeologists to come to terms with their own subjective approaches to the material they study, and a recognition of how past researchers have also imposed their own value systems on the evidence which they presented. This volume provides a forum for debate between varied approaches to the past from leading archaeologists in Europe, North America, Asia and Australasia. It addresses the philosophical issues involved in interpretation, and the origins of meaning in the evolution and emergence of 'mind' in early hominids. It covers the ways in which material culture is understood and presented in museums, and how the nature of history is itself in flux.
Assembling Catalhoeyuk, like archaeological remains, can be read in
a number of ways. At one level the volume reports on the exciting
new discoveries and advances that are being made in the
understanding of the 9000 year-old Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk.
The site has long been central to debates about early village
societies and the formation of 'mega-sites' in the Middle East. The
current long-term project has made many advances in our
understanding of the site that impact our wider understanding of
the Neolithic and its spread into Europe from the Middle East.
These advances concern use of the environment, climate change,
subsistence practices, social and economic organization, the role
of religion, ritual and symbolism. At another level, the volume
reports on methodological advances that have been made by team
members, including the development of reflexive methods, paperless
recording on site, the integrated use of 3D visualization, and
interactive archives. The long-term nature of the project allows
these various innovations to be evaluated and critiqued. In
particular, the volume includes analyses of the social networks
that underpin the assembling of data, and documents the complex
ways in which arguments are built within quickly transforming
alliances and allegiances within the team. In particular, the
volume explores how close inter-disciplinarity, and the assembling
of different forms of data from different sub-disciplines, allow
the weaving together of information into robust, distributed
arguments.
In this latest collection of his articles, of which seven are written especially for this volume, Ian Hodder captures and continues the lively controversy of the 1980s over symbolic and structural approaches to archaeology. The book acts as an overview of the developments in the discipline over the last decade; yet Hodder's brief is far wider. His aim is to break down the division between the intellectual and the "dirt" archaeologist to demonstrate that in this discipline more than any other, theory must be related to practice to save effectively our rapidly diminishing heritage.
There has been a profound shift in the direction of archaeological
activity in the last 15 years. While excavation remains a
professional priority, the interpretation of archaeological
evidence is now attracting increasing critical study. In part, this
stems from the public demand for explanation of archaeological
evidence, which moves beyond the more restricted academic debate
among archaeologists. But it also follows from a desire among
archaeologists to come to terms with their own subjective
approaches to the material they study, and a recognition of how
past researchers have also imposed their own value systems on the
evidence which they presented. This volume provides a forum for
debate between varied approaches to the past. The authors, drawn
from Europe, North America, Aisa and Australasia, represent many
different strands of archaeology. It addresses the philosophical
issues involved in interpretation, and the origins of meaning in
the evolution and emergence of "mind" in early hominids. It covers
the ways in which material culture is understood, and presented in
museums, and how the nature of history is itself in flux.
In this latest collection of his articles, of which seven are
written especially for this volume, Ian Hodder captures and
continues the lively controversy of the 1980s over symbolic and
structural approaches to archaeology. The book acts as an overview
of the developments in the discipline over the last decade; yet
Hodder's brief is far wider. His aim is to break down the division
between the intellectual and the "dirt" archaeologist to
demonstrate that in this discipline more than any other, theory
must be related to practice to save effectively our rapidly
diminishing heritage.
The 1980s witnessed exciting developments in theoretical writing in
Western archaeology. Where previous decades were dominated by the
Anglo-American perspective, or "New Archaeology", the recent years
showed the European debate grow in confidence and vitality. This
book, published in 1991, captures this spirit of debate as
contributors from a wide cross-section of countries evaluate the
development of the distinctly national and European characteristics
of archaeology and assess future directions. Contributors consider
an extensive range of ideologies and viewpoints, stressing the
fundamentally historical emphasis and social construction of
European archaeology. The development of archaeological theory is
traced, with specific emphasis on factors which differ from country
to country. Ultimately, it argues that the most active response to
archaeology is to celebrate theory within a constantly critical
mode. A great insight into the development of theory.
The 1980s witnessed exciting developments in theoretical writing
in Western archaeology. Where previous decades were dominated by
the Anglo-American perspective, or "New Archaeology," the recent
years showed the European debate grow in confidence and vitality.
This book, published in 1991, captures this spirit of debate as
contributors from a wide cross-section of countries evaluate the
development of the distinctly national and European characteristics
of archaeology and assess future directions. Contributors consider
an extensive range of ideologies and viewpoints, stressing the
fundamentally historical emphasis and social construction of
European archaeology. The development of archaeological theory is
traced, with specific emphasis on factors which differ from country
to country. Ultimately, it argues that the most active response to
archaeology is to celebrate theory within a constantly critical
mode. A great insight into the development of theory.
This book tackles the topic of religion, a broad subject exciting
renewed interest across the social and historical sciences. The
volume is tightly focused on the early farming village of
Catalhoeyuk, which has generated much interest both within and
outside of archaeology, especially for its contributions to the
understanding of early religion. The volume discusses contemporary
themes such as materiality, animism, object vitality, and material
dimensions of spirituality while at the same time exploring broad
evolutionary changes in the ways in which religion has influenced
society. The volume results from a unique collaboration between an
archaeological team and a range of specialists in ritual and
religion.
This book tackles the topic of religion, a broad subject exciting
renewed interest across the social and historical sciences. The
volume is tightly focused on the early farming village of
Catalhoeyuk, which has generated much interest both within and
outside of archaeology, especially for its contributions to the
understanding of early religion. The volume discusses contemporary
themes such as materiality, animism, object vitality, and material
dimensions of spirituality while at the same time exploring broad
evolutionary changes in the ways in which religion has influenced
society. The volume results from a unique collaboration between an
archaeological team and a range of specialists in ritual and
religion.
This book presents an interdisciplinary study of the role of
spirituality and religious ritual in the emergence of complex
societies. Involving an eminent group of natural scientists,
archaeologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and theologians,
this volume examines Catalhoeyuk as a case study. A
nine-thousand-year old town in central Turkey, Catalhoeyuk was
first excavated in the 1960s and has since become integral to
understanding the symbolic and ritual worlds of the early farmers
and village-dwellers in the Middle East. It is thus an ideal
location for exploring theories about the role of religion in early
settled life. This book provides a unique overview of current
debates concerning religion and its historical variations. Through
exploration of themes including the integration of the spiritual
and the material, the role of belief in religion, the cognitive
bases for religion, and religion's social roles, this book situates
the results from Catalhoeyuk within a broader understanding of the
Neolithic in the Middle East.
David Clarke was until his death in 1976 'the acknowledged leader
in Britain of the 'new wave' of archaeological thinking'. His work
concentrated on the establishment of explicit theory and logic in
archaeological method and the contributions to this volume
demonstrate how vital was his inspiration and reflect its
diversity. The contributors follow his lead in searching for ways
of discovering and interpreting patterns, including spatial,
economic and social patterns in the archaeological record of past
human life. The studies in this book were all commissioned and have
not appeared elsewhere. The book will be of importance for
archaeologists and of interest to anthropologists and those
concerned with the general methodology of the social sciences.
Material culture - the objects made by man - provides the primary
data from which archaeologists have to infer the economies,
technologies, social organization and ritual practices of extinct
societies. The analysis and interpretation ofmaterial culture is
therefore central to any concern with archaeological theory and
methodology, and in order to understand better the relationship
between material culture and human behaviour, archaeologists need
to draw upon models derived from the study of ethnographic
societies. First published in 1982, this book presents the results
of a series of field investigations carried out in Kenya, Zambia
and the Sudan into the 'archaeological' remains and material
culture of contemporary small-scale societies, and demonstrates the
way in which objects are used as symbols within social action and
within particular world views and ideologies.
In marked contrast with the anthropological and cross-cultural
approaches that featured so prominently in archaeological research
this contributory volume emphasises the archaeological significance
of historical method and philosophy. Drawing particularly on the
work of R. G. Collingwood, the contributors show that the notion of
'history seen from within' is a viable approach that can be applied
in ethnoarchaeology and in both historic and prehistoric
archaeology. There is a discussion of short, medium and long-term
historical structures in relation to social events generating
observed material culture patterning. Examination of the
relationship between structure and event within historical contexts
leads to insights into the interdependence of continuity and
change, and into the nature of widely recognised processes such as
acculturation, diffusion and migration.
The third edition of this classic introduction to archaeological theory and method has been fully updated to address the rapid development of theoretical debate throughout the discipline. Ian Hodder and Scott Hutson argue that archaeologists must consider a variety of perspectives in the complex and uncertain task of "translating the meaning of past texts into their own contemporary language". While remaining centered on the importance of meaning, agency and history, the authors explore the latest developments in post-structuralism, neo-evolutionary theory and phenomenology. Previous Edition Hb (1991): 0-521-40142-9 Previous Edition Pb (1991): 0-521-40957-8
This 1976 text is a pioneering study in the applications to
archaeology of modern statistical and quantitative techniques. The
authors show how these techniques, when sensitively employed, can
dramatically extend and refine the information presented in
distribution maps and other analyses of spatial relationships.
Techniques of interpretation 'by inspection' can now be made more
powerful and rigorous; at the same time interest has turned from
the examination of such sites and artefacts as 'things' to the
spatial relationships between such things, their relationships to
one another and to landscape features, soils and other resources.
This book was the first to apply the available techniques
systematically to the special problems and interests of
archaeologists. It also demonstrates to geographers and other
social scientists who may be familiar with analogous applications
in their own fields the exciting interdisciplinary developments
this facilitates, for example in studies of exchange networks,
trade and settlement patterns, and cultural history.
Drawing on the experience of the Temper project (Training,
Education, Management and Prehistory in the Mediterranean) and
wider examples from the Mediterranean, this volume explores the
issues inherent in managing, interpreting and presenting
prehistoric archaeological sites. The first section of the book
contains thematic chapters on conservation, visitor management and
interpretation, public participation, and issues of managing sites
within their cultural landscape; the second section focuses on
archaeology and education and the politics of national curricula,
and presents detailed case studies. Written by academics and those
working in the fields of archaeology, architecture, heritage
management and education, this volume will be invaluable to
students and practitioners alike.
Ian Hodder's campaigns of excavation at the world-famous Neolithic
settlement of Catalhoeyuek are one of the largest, most complex,
and most exciting archaeological field projects in the world and
recognized as agenda-setting not only in terms of our understanding
of early farming communities in the Near East, particularly the
central role religion played in their daily lives, but also in
terms of the interaction between theory and practice in the
trenches and on-site laboratories. This volume presents the results
of excavation in three areas of the site, known as South, North,
and KOPAL, excavated between 1995 and 1999. The book describes
aspects of the excavation, recording and sampling methodologies
that are necessary for an understanding of the results presented
plus it incorporates interpretive discussion. It brings in data
from the study of animal bones, lithics, ceramics, micromorphology
and the full suite of analyses conducted on the material. These
accounts are interspersed with individual specialists' commentaries
and conclusions, that mimic the process of collaborative
interpretation that takes place during excavation and
post-excavation. The 'objective descriptions' of the archaeology
are thus exposed as interpretations involving a balancing of a
variety of different types of data and scholarly input. Another
thought-provoking volume in the Catalhoeyuek excavation series
which will be read with profit by any archaeologist engaged in
working at theory in practice in the field.
Set in the context of this project's innovative landscape surveys,
four extraordinary sites excavated at Haddenham, north of Cambridge
chart the transformation of Neolithic woodland to Romano-British
marshland, providing unrivalled insights into death and ritual in a
changing prehistoric environment. The highlight of Volume I is the
internationally renowned Foulmire Fen long barrow, with its
preserved timber burial chamber and facade. The massive individual
timbers allow detailed study of Neolithic wood technology and the
direct examination of a structure that usually survives only as a
pattern of post holes.
Set in the context of this project's innovative landscape surveys,
four extraordinary sites excavated at Haddenham, north of Cambridge
chart the transformation of Neolithic woodland to Romano-British
marshland, providing unrivalled insights into death and ritual in a
changing prehistoric environment. Volume II moves on to later
periods, and reveals how Iron Age and Romano-British communities
adapted to the wetland environment that had now become established.
This volume brings together two groups engaged with understanding
the relationships between religion and violence. The first group
consists of scholars of the mimetic theory of René Girard, for
whom human violence is rooted in the rivalry that stems from
imitation. To manage this violence of all against all, humans often
turn to violence against one, the scapegoat, thereafter
incorporated into ritual. The second group consists of
archaeologists working at the Neolithic sites of Çatalhöyük and
Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. At both sites there is evidence of
religious practices that center on wild animals, often large and
dangerous in form. Is it possible that these wild animals were
ritually killed in the ways suggested by Girardian theorists? Were
violence and the sacred intimately entwined and were these the
processes that made possible and even stimulated the origins of
farming in the ancient Near East? In this volume, Ian Hodder and a
team of contributors seek to answer these questions by linking
theory and data in exciting new ways.
This book presents an interdisciplinary study of the role of
spirituality and religious ritual in the emergence of complex
societies. Involving an eminent group of natural scientists,
archaeologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and theologians,
this volume examines Catalhoeyuk as a case study. A
nine-thousand-year old town in central Turkey, Catalhoeyuk was
first excavated in the 1960s and has since become integral to
understanding the symbolic and ritual worlds of the early farmers
and village-dwellers in the Middle East. It is thus an ideal
location for exploring theories about the role of religion in early
settled life. This book provides a unique overview of current
debates concerning religion and its historical variations. Through
exploration of themes including the integration of the spiritual
and the material, the role of belief in religion, the cognitive
bases for religion, and religion's social roles, this book situates
the results from Catalhoeyuk within a broader understanding of the
Neolithic in the Middle East.
This companion volume to Archaeology as Long-term History focuses
on the symbolism of artefacts. It seeks at once to refine the
theory and method relating to interpretation and show, with
examples, how to conduct this sort of archaeological work. Some
contributors work with the material culture of modern times or the
historic period, areas in which the symbolism of mute artefacts has
traditionally been thought most accessible. However, the book also
contains a good number of applications in prehistory to demonstrate
the feasibility of symbolic interpretation where good contextual
data survive from the distant past. In relation to wider debates
within the social sciences, the volume is characterised by a
concern to place abstract symbolic codes within their historical
context and within the contexts of social actions. In this respect,
it develops further some of the ideas presented in Dr Hodder's
Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, an earlier volume in this
series.
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